How to do non-standard mechanical design, old mechanical engineers tell you!

How to do non-standard mechanical design, the old mechanical engineer for more than 20 years will tell you! Industrial robot application integration also requires non-standard design!

What is non-standard mechanical design?

What exactly is non-standard mechanical design? Simply put, it is the design of non-standard equipment, non-standard parts and non-standard tooling. For example: C616, C620, C630, C6125, M7475, B650, M131 and other equipment are already well-known standard equipment in the machining industry, so there are many special equipment that are not included in the standard equipment, which is the work goal of non-standard designers.

Non-standard machinery is a mechanical product without a stereotype, which is generally not available in the market and must be ordered from the manufacturer. Machines with the same function may have different sizes and shapes. In addition, non-standard equipment is also greatly affected by the user's site, and the design of the equipment is often restricted by some conditions of the user. Although there is no standard for the shape, there are still standards for the design of the mechanism and parts. Its specific non-standard equipment can refer to "Non-standard Mechanical Equipment Design Manual".

employment position

Non-standard design work is a very hard work. First of all, you must have a good practical foundation. You have one or two meetings such as turning, milling, planing, grinding, and pliers. Of course, the more the better, the art is not overwhelming, With these foundations, you can stop talking nonsense in machining, go to Gaoli, and you can become a machining craftsman. Then, you can study theoretical courses, master the professional theoretical knowledge of non-standard design, and learn about mechanics of materials, theoretical mechanics, mechanical drawing, descriptive geometry, electrical engineering, computer introduction, etc., etc. Of course, you can go to school first, then practice, or practice first, and then learn.

Non-standard design work involves a wide range, because the nature of the profession is to solve all kinds of problems, so non-standard design workers are required to have extensive knowledge and knowledge. The more knowledge, the more effective the work and the more knowledge. The more experience you have, the more ways you can solve problems, faster and more accurately. (It will not make the well-made equipment unusable or scrapped, there are many such examples)

The prospect of non-standard design work has always been very good. The technological progress of this world is inseparable from non-standard design work. In the enterprise, it is the blood of the enterprise (there are many such descriptions), and in the society, it is the blood of the enterprise. He is a pioneer of technological progress, so it is also very honorable to do this work. When you get the certificate of invention, you feel solace that you have made a little success for the society to promote technological progress.

The purpose of non-standard design

1. Improve product quality;

2. Improve efficiency;

3. Ensure production safety.

Non-standard design must

1. Necessary design manuals, which can be downloaded electronically on the Internet. The manual is your best teacher, and you can find the knowledge you want from the book. For example, gears are required for design, and the parameters for designing gears can be found in the manual. If you have a problem, look for the manual first.

2. Download the atlas of some mechanical equipment for you to broaden your mind.

3. The movement trajectory of the equipment is nothing more than a straight line or a rotation. Master these mechanical principles, and then combine the electrical, pneumatic and hydraulic to design non-standard equipment, whether it is good or bad is another matter.

4. It is best to download some standard parts of the cad version and put them in the design center of cad, so as to facilitate pasting and use and improve work efficiency.

Non-standard design preparation

1. Understand the purpose of the equipment, is it processing equipment? Or test equipment? Or tooling fixtures. Processing equipment: First, ensure the processing accuracy, and secondly, the loading and unloading is convenient, accurate and fast. Test equipment: Provide corresponding power, test necessary test points, how to combine with electricity, display data and read data. Fixtures: how to limit the degree of freedom, fast and reliable loading and unloading.

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2. On-site inspection to understand relevant data

a) Equipment-related data, such as overall dimensions, corresponding drawings and dimensions

b) The relevant data of the equipment installation site, whether it interferes with other equipment

c) Electrical data related to the installation and use of the equipment, how many volts is the voltage, and how much power can be provided

3. Prepare some industry standards and product related data of online manufacturers. Each manufacturer will provide data such as principle and installation size to prepare for drawing.

4. Come up with a plan: The feasibility report of the plan includes the following contents:

a) Efficiency, accuracy, etc. of the original equipment, explain why the update or increase

b) Features of the new device

c) Production costs, including material costs, labor costs, and outsourced processing costs

d) Cost recovery period, if the investment is recovered within half a year, it can be done immediately; the investment can be recovered within one year. Including how much labor costs are reduced, the value created by improving efficiency, etc.

e) Production cycle estimation.

designing process

1. Sketch the design in your head, use your imagination, divide the equipment into several large pieces, how each piece is structured, and how to connect.

2. Drawing, implementing ideas into drawings. First draw the general drawing, and then draw the part drawing. Easy to change designs and ideas.

3. Strength verification, those with experience can directly select materials, those with less experience should do simple verification to prevent major mistakes.

4. Calibration, mainly to check whether there is any interference between parts and components, whether it is easy to install, easy to use, and easy to maintain.

5. Arrange the drawings, calculate the weight of the accessories, and make an external quick quotation. The verification price of the processing accessories can be 2 to 3 times of the material weight × material price.

Market research inquiry

For the designed product components and parts, make an inquiry in the market, and try to use common parts for accessories to facilitate maintenance and exchange.

design advice

1. The things designed by the novice are definitely not perfect. You should ask more experienced engineers. Generally, they will give you guidance and improve yourself. A person with a strong sense of responsibility may be worried and cannot sleep. Everyone has come from this step. As long as you pay attention, you will be fine. Even if you make mistakes, it is inevitable. It depends on how you make up for it.

2. The mechanical industry does not develop rapidly like the electronic industry. The reason is very simple. There are few principles that can be used. The development is also driven by the electrical industry. The development of new materials brings lightweight and durable benefits to machinery. The mechanical principle is the same as the musical notes, there are only a few, whether it is equipment or products, it is just a matter of how to match them. Look at some other people's designs, understand the design concepts, and apply them to your own designs. This is not called plagiarism. It's called an application.

3. The designed things must be easy to maintain. It is so small that there is no place to put the wrench. It is impossible to use hexagon socket head bolts. It is convenient for processing, and processing problems should be considered in the design. For example, try not to drill holes on the arc surface. If you must drill through the center, or process the platform first and then drill the holes.

4. After the first draft of the design comes out, it must be optimized. Is there an easier way or more advanced parts to replace it? For example, to make an electric flat car, there are DC and AC drives. AC is not very safe, and there is electrical line transmission. The cost of DC is high, and a rectifier device is required, but batteries can also be used. The speed required to transport the flat car is very low, 60m/min, and the motor speed is very high. Usually, a gearbox is used to change the speed, but the speed of the brushless DC motor can be 40r/min on the Internet, so there is no need for a gearbox, reducing Reduced investment, reduced points of failure, and reduced maintenance costs, this is innovation.